NATURAL HISTORY · CATALOGUE RECORD
Caucasian Toad
Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas, 1814)
Source-backed taxonomic record
Accepted species in Catalogue of Life’s 11 September 2026 base release. This preserves the source classification and available supporting data; it is not a completed species monograph.
Open encyclopedia reference
The Caucasian toad (Bufo verrucosissimus) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in Azerbaijan, Georgia, Lebanon, Iran, Russia, and Turkey. Its natural habitats are temperate forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, intermittent rivers, rural gardens, ponds, and aquaculture ponds.
It is threatened by habitat loss.
Wikipedia contributors, Caucasian toad; see linked history · CC BY-SA 4.0 . Plain-text lead excerpt, at most 180 words; no infobox or later sections Retrieved 2026-10-05T04:09:29.962524+00:00. This reference remains separate from the taxonomic record.
Identity & source status
- Scientific name
- Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas, 1814)
- Name authority
- (Pallas, 1814)
- Common name
- Caucasian Toad
- Rank
- species
- Accepted status
- accepted
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Chordata
- Class
- Amphibia
- Order
- Anura
- Family
- Bufonidae
- Genus
- Bufo
- Extinction status
- Recorded extant
Classification family tree
Nested taxonomic groups from the source. This is not a direct-ancestor chain, a dated evolutionary tree or a phylogenetic reconstruction.
- domainEukaryota (Chatton, 1925) Whittaker & Margulis, 1978
- kingdomAnimalia
- phylumChordata
- subphylumVertebrata
- infraphylumGnathostomata
- parvphylumOsteichthyes
- megaclassTetrapoda
- classAmphibia
- orderAnura
- familyBufonidae Gray, 1825
- genusBufo Garsault, 1764
- speciesBufo verrucosissimus (Pallas, 1814)
Close classified relatives
These entries share the source’s genus, Bufo. They are not necessarily the closest relatives established by molecular evidence.
| Species | Classification | Source status |
|---|---|---|
| Bufo minshanicus Stejneger, 1926 | BufonidaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
| Bufo ailaoanus Kou, 1984 | BufonidaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
| Bufo andrewsi Schmidt, 1925 | BufonidaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
| Bufo bankorensis Barbour, 1908 | BufonidaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
| European ToadBufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) | BufonidaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
| Bufo cryptotympanicus Liu & Hu, 1962 | BufonidaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
| Bufo eichwaldi Litvinchuk, Borkin, Skorinov & Rosanov, 2008 | BufonidaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
| Bufo luchunnicus (Yang & Rao in Yang, 2008) | BufonidaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
| Bufo torrenticola Matsui, 1976 | BufonidaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
| Bufo yunlingensis Rao, Hui, Zhu & Ma, 2022 | BufonidaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
| Bufo praetextatus Boie, 1826 | BufonidaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
| Bufo tuberculatus Zarevskij, 1926 | BufonidaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
Names & synonyms
Names explicitly linked to this accepted taxon in the source. Synonymy can change with revision.
| Recorded name | Source status |
|---|---|
| Bufo bufo turowi Krasovsky, 1933 Krasovsky, 1933 | synonym |
| Bufo cinereus colchica Eichwald, 1831 Eichwald, 1831 | synonym |
| Bufo verrucosissimus circassicus Orlova & Tuniyev, 1989 Orlova & Tuniyev, 1989 | synonym |
| Bufo verrucosissimus turowi Krasovsky, 1933 Krasovsky, 1933 | synonym |
| Bufo bufo verrucosissima (Pallas, 1814) (Pallas, 1814) | synonym |
| Bufo verrucosissimus turovi Krasovsky, 1933 Krasovsky, 1933 | synonym |
| Bufo verrucosissimus verrucosissimus (Pallas, 1814) (Pallas, 1814) | synonym |
| Rana verrucosissimus Pallas, 1814 Pallas, 1814 | synonym |
| Bufo verrucosissimus tertyschnikovi Kidov, 2009 Kidov, 2009 | synonym |
| Bufo colchicus Eichwald, 1831 Eichwald, 1831 | synonym |
Documented distribution
Source distribution statements, not a complete range map. A listed locality is not necessarily a place of origin.
Source literature & publication evidence
References attached to this source record, including nomenclatural citations where supplied. This is a selected bibliography; abbreviated citations remain in the source’s form.
- https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=585630 Source fields: Taxon.tsv dwc:namePublishedIn, Taxon.tsv dcterms:references
Origins, evidence & remaining research
Name authority and publication references document nomenclature where the source supplies it. They do not establish evolutionary origins or the earliest fossil occurrence.
Specimen-level evidence, morphology, ecological research, phylogenetic studies, a comprehensive bibliography and a located literary passage have not yet been compiled for this record. A suitable sourced image remains to be added.
Dataset citation & attribution
This exact taxon in ChecklistBank · Catalogue of Life 2026-09-11
Catalogue of Life 2026-09-11; dataset 316321; doi:10.48580/dgz5n. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . Retrieved 5 October 2026.
Stable key: col:NPGY. Classification follows source parent identifiers. English common names may vary by region.