NATURAL HISTORY · CATALOGUE RECORD
Olive Baboon
Papio anubis (Lesson, 1827)
Source-backed taxonomic record
Accepted species in Catalogue of Life’s 11 September 2026 base release. This preserves the source classification and available supporting data; it is not a completed species monograph.
Open encyclopedia reference
The olive baboon (Papio anubis), also called the Anubis baboon, is a member of the family Cercopithecidae Old World monkeys. The species is the most wide-ranging of all baboons, being native to 25 countries throughout Africa, extending from Mali eastward to Ethiopia and Tanzania. Isolated populations are also present in some mountainous regions of the Sahara. It inhabits savannahs, steppes, and forests. The common name is derived from its coat colour, which is a shade of green-grey at a distance. A variety of communications, vocal and non-vocal, facilitate a complex social structure.
Wikipedia contributors, Olive baboon; see linked history · CC BY-SA 4.0 . Plain-text lead excerpt, at most 180 words; no infobox or later sections Retrieved 2026-10-05T02:20:06.872908+00:00. This reference remains separate from the taxonomic record.
Identity & source status
- Scientific name
- Papio anubis (Lesson, 1827)
- Name authority
- (Lesson, 1827)
- Common name
- Olive Baboon
- Rank
- species
- Accepted status
- accepted
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Chordata
- Class
- Mammalia
- Order
- Primates
- Family
- Cercopithecidae
- Genus
- Papio
- Extinction status
- Recorded extant
Classification family tree
Nested taxonomic groups from the source. This is not a direct-ancestor chain, a dated evolutionary tree or a phylogenetic reconstruction.
- domainEukaryota (Chatton, 1925) Whittaker & Margulis, 1978
- kingdomAnimalia
- phylumChordata
- subphylumVertebrata
- infraphylumGnathostomata
- parvphylumOsteichthyes
- megaclassTetrapoda
- classMammalia Linnaeus, 1758
- subclassTheria Parker & Haswell, 1897
- infraclassEutheria Gill, 1872
- orderPrimates Linnaeus, 1758
- suborderHaplorrhini Pocock, 1918
- infraorderSimiiformes Haeckel, 1866
- superfamilyCercopithecoidea Gray, 1821
- familyCercopithecidae Gray, 1821
- subfamilyCercopithecinae Gray, 1821
- tribePapionini
- genusPapio Erxleben, 1777
- speciesPapio anubis (Lesson, 1827)
Close classified relatives
These entries share the source’s genus, Papio. They are not necessarily the closest relatives established by molecular evidence.
| Species | Classification | Source status |
|---|---|---|
| Yellow BaboonPapio cynocephalus (Linnaeus, 1766) | CercopithecidaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
| Hamadryas BaboonPapio hamadryas (Linnaeus, 1758) | CercopithecidaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
| Kinda BaboonPapio kindae Lönnberg, 1919 | CercopithecidaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
| Chacma BaboonPapio ursinus (Kerr, 1792) | CercopithecidaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
Names & synonyms
Names explicitly linked to this accepted taxon in the source. Synonymy can change with revision.
| Recorded name | Source status |
|---|---|
| Papio furax Elliot, 1907 Elliot, 1907 | synonym |
| Papio graueri Lorenz, 1915 Lorenz, 1915 | synonym |
| Papio neumanni Matschie, 1897 Matschie, 1897 | synonym |
| Papio nigeriae Elliot, 1909 Elliot, 1909 | synonym |
| Papio anubis niloticus Roth, 1965 Roth, 1965 | synonym |
| Papio anubis tibestianus Dekeyser & Derivot, 1960 Dekeyser & Derivot, 1960 | synonym |
| Papio anubis vigilis Heller, 1913 Heller, 1913 | synonym |
| Cynocephalus choras Ogilby, 1843 Ogilby, 1843 | synonym |
| Papio heuglini Matschie, 1898 Matschie, 1898 | synonym |
| Papio lydekkeri Rothschild, 1902 Rothschild, 1902 | synonym |
| Papio silvestris Lorenz, 1915 Lorenz, 1915 | synonym |
| Papio tesselatum Elliot, 1909 Elliot, 1909 | synonym |
| Papio werneri Wettstein, 1916 Wettstein, 1916 | synonym |
| Papio yokoensis Matschie, 1900 Matschie, 1900 | synonym |
| Papio anubis lestes Heller, 1913 Heller, 1913 | synonym |
| Cynocephalus doguera Pucheran & Schimper, 1856 Pucheran & Schimper, 1856 | synonym |
| Papio anubis olivaceus de Winton, 1902 de Winton, 1902 | synonym |
Documented distribution
Source distribution statements, not a complete range map. A listed locality is not necessarily a place of origin.
Source literature & publication evidence
References attached to this source record, including nomenclatural citations where supplied. This is a selected bibliography; abbreviated citations remain in the source’s form.
- https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=944211 Source fields: Taxon.tsv dwc:namePublishedIn, Taxon.tsv dcterms:references
Origins, evidence & remaining research
Name authority and publication references document nomenclature where the source supplies it. They do not establish evolutionary origins or the earliest fossil occurrence.
Specimen-level evidence, morphology, ecological research, phylogenetic studies, a comprehensive bibliography and a located literary passage have not yet been compiled for this record. A suitable sourced image remains to be added.
Dataset citation & attribution
This exact taxon in ChecklistBank · Catalogue of Life 2026-09-11
Catalogue of Life 2026-09-11; dataset 316321; doi:10.48580/dgz5n. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . Retrieved 5 October 2026.
Stable key: col:6TM9B. Classification follows source parent identifiers. English common names may vary by region.