Tuofei of Mount Yuci, anonymous1667 Shanhaijing illustration
Printed槖蜚 caption gives owlform/humanface/oneleg, winter appearance/summer dormancy and翳次山; actual bird has one foot. Physical Smithsonian edition1667; anonymous plate artist, GuoPu commentator and WuZhongheng editor. Actual resource from cached IIIF manifest.
Overview
Tuofei appears at Mount Yuci in the first western itinerary of the Shanhaijing. The bird resembles an owl, has a human face, and stands on a single leg. Its seasonal pattern differs from the common literary association of summer with animal activity: it appears in winter and becomes dormant in summer.
The text associates wearing it with not fearing thunder. The displayed commentary understands the worn material as its feathers and records a variant reading involving calamity. These details should remain attributed to the passage instead of being presented as a practical protective technique. Tuofei shares its mountain with an ape-like throwing beast, but neither entry states that the two creatures cooperate. Its eye count, body colour, and attitude toward people are not supplied here.
Origins & earliest records
China; Shanhaijing, Western Mountains
Records & interpretation
Directly read Chinese primary-text transcription; exact section and geographical passage retained. No matched scan or illustration verified.
Selected bibliography
Documented works and useful reading. This is not a list of every appearance.
- 01
Shanhaijing: Western Mountains
First western sequence; Mount Yuci 羭次山; bracketed commentary distinguished from base text.
Family & connections
A source-supported family tree or inspiration record has not yet been compiled for this profile. Related reading below indicates a connection in subject matter, not a proven lineage or creative influence.
Primary records and illustrations
Shanhaijing, Western Mountains
西山經. First western sequence; Mount Yuci 羭次山
Directly read transcription, not a historical scan. Identifying passage: 其狀如梟，人面而一足，曰橐𩇯，冬見夏蟄。 Base text and commentary distinguished; exact plate remains unverified.
References
Sources supporting this profile. Linked pages have their own scope and editorial standards.
- Primary-text transcriptionShanhaijing, Western Mountains: First western sequence; Mount Yuci 羭次山Research access: 2026-10-05
Image credits
Historical illustrationTuofei of Mount Yuci, anonymous1667 Shanhaijing illustration
Printed槖蜚 caption gives owlform/humanface/oneleg, winter appearance/summer dormancy and翳次山; actual bird has one foot. Physical Smithsonian edition1667; anonymous plate artist, GuoPu commentator and WuZhongheng editor. Actual resource from cached IIIF manifest.
