Pelobatrachus baluensis (Boulenger, 1899)
Accepted species in Catalogue of Life’s 11 September 2026 base release. This preserves the source classification and available supporting data; it is not a completed species monograph.
Found next to a forest stream on very low vegetation in Kinabalu National Park, at approximately 1585m above sea level.
Thomas Brown · CC BY 2.0 · Image sourceProvider-generated thumbnail requested at 800 pixels; no local editing Local WebP display rendition; resized without cropping.
Open encyclopedia reference
The Kinabalu horned frog or Balu spadefoot toad (Pelobatrachus baluensis) is a species of amphibian in the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to northeastern Borneo in Sabah, Malaysia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers.
Formerly placed in the genus Megophrys, it was reclassified into the genus Pelobatrachus in 2021.
Wikipedia contributors, Kinabalu horned frog; see linked history · CC BY-SA 4.0 . Plain-text lead excerpt, at most 180 words; no infobox or later sections Retrieved 2026-10-05T17:36:51.614125+00:00. This reference remains separate from the taxonomic record.
Identity & source status
- Scientific name
- Pelobatrachus baluensis (Boulenger, 1899)
- Name authority
- (Boulenger, 1899)
- Rank
- species
- Accepted status
- accepted
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Chordata
- Class
- Amphibia
- Order
- Anura
- Family
- Megophryidae
- Genus
- Pelobatrachus
- Extinction status
- Recorded extant
Classification family tree
Nested taxonomic groups from the source. This is not a direct-ancestor chain, a dated evolutionary tree or a phylogenetic reconstruction.
- domainEukaryota (Chatton, 1925) Whittaker & Margulis, 1978
- kingdomAnimalia
- phylumChordata
- subphylumVertebrata
- infraphylumGnathostomata
- parvphylumOsteichthyes
- megaclassTetrapoda
- classAmphibia
- orderAnura
- familyMegophryidae Bonaparte, 1850
- subfamilyMegophryinae Bonaparte, 1850
- genusPelobatrachus Beddard, 1908
- speciesPelobatrachus baluensis (Boulenger, 1899)
Close classified relatives
These entries share the source’s genus, Pelobatrachus. They are not necessarily the closest relatives established by molecular evidence.
| Species | Classification | Source status |
|---|---|---|
| Pelobatrachus stejnegeri (Taylor, 1920) | MegophryidaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
| Pelobatrachus ligayae (Taylor, 1920) | MegophryidaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
| Pelobatrachus kobayashii (Malkmus & Matsui, 1997) | MegophryidaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
Names & synonyms
Names explicitly linked to this accepted taxon in the source. Synonymy can change with revision.
| Recorded name | Source status |
|---|---|
| Megophrys baluensis (Boulenger, 1899) (Boulenger, 1899) | synonym |
| Leptobrachium baluense Boulenger, 1899 Boulenger, 1899 | synonym |
| Megalophrys baluensis (Boulenger, 1899) (Boulenger, 1899) | synonym |
| Panophrys baluensis (Boulenger, 1899) (Boulenger, 1899) | synonym |
| Xenophrys baluensis (Boulenger, 1899) (Boulenger, 1899) | synonym |
Source literature & publication evidence
References attached to this source record, including nomenclatural citations where supplied. This is a selected bibliography; abbreviated citations remain in the source’s form.
- https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=1270563 Source fields: Taxon.tsv dwc:namePublishedIn, Taxon.tsv dcterms:references
Origins, evidence & remaining research
Name authority and publication references document nomenclature where the source supplies it. They do not establish evolutionary origins or the earliest fossil occurrence.
Specimen-level evidence, morphology, ecological research, phylogenetic studies, a comprehensive bibliography and a located literary passage have not yet been compiled for this record.
Dataset citation & attribution
This exact taxon in ChecklistBank · Catalogue of Life 2026-09-11
Catalogue of Life 2026-09-11; dataset 316321; doi:10.48580/dgz5n. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . Retrieved 5 October 2026.
Stable key: col:RSTT9. Classification follows source parent identifiers. English common names may vary by region.