Firouzophrynus stomaticus (Lütken, 1864)
Accepted species in Catalogue of Life’s 11 September 2026 base release. This preserves the source classification and available supporting data; it is not a completed species monograph.
Open encyclopedia reference
Firouzophrynus stomaticus, also known as the Indian marbled toad, Punjab toad, Indus Valley toad, or marbled toad, is a species of toad found in Asia from eastern Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan to Nepal, extending into Peninsular India and Bangladesh.
This toad lacks cranial crests and the space between the eyes is broader than the upper eyelid. The tympanum of the ear is two-thirds the diameter of the eye. The first and second fingers are nearly equal and there is a single sub-articular tubercle. A spiny ridge is found on the tarsus. There is a tibial gland and the parotoid is longer than broad. Three dark bands run transversely on the forearm. The underside is whitish with dark mottling on the throat.
They are nocturnal, so during the day hide from predators under rocks or fallen leaves. They are monsoon breeders and lay their eggs in small ponds during rainy season.
Wikipedia contributors, Firouzophrynus stomaticus; see linked history · CC BY-SA 4.0 . Plain-text lead excerpt, at most 180 words; no infobox or later sections Retrieved 2026-10-05T16:10:52.700923+00:00. This reference remains separate from the taxonomic record.
Identity & source status
- Scientific name
- Firouzophrynus stomaticus (Lütken, 1864)
- Name authority
- (Lütken, 1864)
- Rank
- species
- Accepted status
- accepted
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Chordata
- Class
- Amphibia
- Order
- Anura
- Family
- Bufonidae
- Genus
- Firouzophrynus
- Extinction status
- Recorded extant
Classification family tree
Nested taxonomic groups from the source. This is not a direct-ancestor chain, a dated evolutionary tree or a phylogenetic reconstruction.
- domainEukaryota (Chatton, 1925) Whittaker & Margulis, 1978
- kingdomAnimalia
- phylumChordata
- subphylumVertebrata
- infraphylumGnathostomata
- parvphylumOsteichthyes
- megaclassTetrapoda
- classAmphibia
- orderAnura
- familyBufonidae Gray, 1825
- genusFirouzophrynus Safaei-Mahroo & Ghaffari, 2020
- speciesFirouzophrynus stomaticus (Lütken, 1864)
Close classified relatives
These entries share the source’s genus, Firouzophrynus. They are not necessarily the closest relatives established by molecular evidence.
| Species | Classification | Source status |
|---|---|---|
| Firouzophrynus dhufarensis (Parker, 1931) | BufonidaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
| Firouzophrynus olivaceus (Blanford, 1874) | BufonidaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
| Firouzophrynus peninsularis (Rao, 1920) | BufonidaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
Names & synonyms
Names explicitly linked to this accepted taxon in the source. Synonymy can change with revision.
| Recorded name | Source status |
|---|---|
| Duttaphrynus stomaticus (Lütken, 1864) (Lütken, 1864) | synonym |
| Bufo stomaticus Lütken, 1864 Lütken, 1864 | synonym |
| Bufo andersonii Boulenger, 1883 Boulenger, 1883 | synonym |
Source literature & publication evidence
References attached to this source record, including nomenclatural citations where supplied. This is a selected bibliography; abbreviated citations remain in the source’s form.
- https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=1270136 Source fields: Taxon.tsv dwc:namePublishedIn, Taxon.tsv dcterms:references
Origins, evidence & remaining research
Name authority and publication references document nomenclature where the source supplies it. They do not establish evolutionary origins or the earliest fossil occurrence.
Specimen-level evidence, morphology, ecological research, phylogenetic studies, a comprehensive bibliography and a located literary passage have not yet been compiled for this record. A suitable sourced image remains to be added.
Dataset citation & attribution
This exact taxon in ChecklistBank · Catalogue of Life 2026-09-11
Catalogue of Life 2026-09-11; dataset 316321; doi:10.48580/dgz5n. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . Retrieved 5 October 2026.
Stable key: col:P2PX7. Classification follows source parent identifiers. English common names may vary by region.