Starry toado
Arothron firmamentum (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)
Accepted species in Catalogue of Life’s 11 September 2026 base release. This preserves the source classification and available supporting data; it is not a completed species monograph.
ホシフグ。ja:下関市立しものせき水族館飼育展示個体。
Totti · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Image sourceProvider-generated thumbnail requested at 800 pixels; no local editing Local WebP display rendition; resized without cropping.
Open encyclopedia reference
The starry toado (Arothron firmamentum) is a pufferfish of the family Tetraodontidae, found in subtropical oceans worldwide, at depths between 10 and 360 m. Its length is up to 40 cm.
Wikipedia contributors, Starry toado; see linked history · CC BY-SA 4.0 . Plain-text lead excerpt, at most 180 words; no infobox or later sections Retrieved 2026-10-05T02:58:39.337942+00:00. This reference remains separate from the taxonomic record.
Identity & source status
- Scientific name
- Arothron firmamentum (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)
- Name authority
- (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)
- Common name
- Starry toado
- Rank
- species
- Accepted status
- accepted
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Chordata
- Class
- Teleostei
- Order
- Tetraodontiformes
- Family
- Tetraodontidae
- Genus
- Arothron
- Extinction status
- Not supplied by this source
Source habitat flags: Marine: yes · Freshwater: no · Terrestrial: no. These do not form a complete habitat description.
Classification family tree
Nested taxonomic groups from the source. This is not a direct-ancestor chain, a dated evolutionary tree or a phylogenetic reconstruction.
- domainEukaryota (Chatton, 1925) Whittaker & Margulis, 1978
- kingdomAnimalia
- phylumChordata
- subphylumVertebrata
- infraphylumGnathostomata
- parvphylumOsteichthyes
- gigaclassActinopterygii
- superclassActinopteri
- classTeleostei
- orderTetraodontiformes
- suborderTetraodontoidei
- familyTetraodontidae Bonaparte, 1831
- genusArothron Müller, 1841
- speciesArothron firmamentum (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)
Close classified relatives
These entries share the source’s genus, Arothron. They are not necessarily the closest relatives established by molecular evidence.
| Species | Classification | Source status |
|---|---|---|
| Arothron carduus (Cantor, 1849) | TetraodontidaeChordata | Accepted speciesExtinction status not supplied |
| masked pufferArothron diadematus (Rüppell, 1829) | TetraodontidaeChordata | Accepted speciesExtinction status not supplied |
| Arothron manilensis (Marion de Procé, 1822) | TetraodontidaeChordata | Accepted speciesExtinction status not supplied |
| map pufferArothron mappa (Lesson, 1831) | TetraodontidaeChordata | Accepted speciesExtinction status not supplied |
| Arothron multilineatus Matsuura, 2016 | TetraodontidaeChordata | Accepted speciesExtinction status not supplied |
| Guineafowl pufferArothron meleagris (Anonymous, 1798) | TetraodontidaeChordata | Accepted speciesExtinction status not supplied |
Names & synonyms
Names explicitly linked to this accepted taxon in the source. Synonymy can change with revision.
| Recorded name | Source status |
|---|---|
| Tetraodon firmamentum Temminck & Schlegel, 1850 Temminck & Schlegel, 1850 | synonym |
| Boesemanichthys firmamentum (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850) (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850) | synonym |
Source literature & publication evidence
References attached to this source record, including nomenclatural citations where supplied. This is a selected bibliography; abbreviated citations remain in the source’s form.
- https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=219927 Source fields: Taxon.tsv dwc:namePublishedIn, Taxon.tsv dcterms:references
Origins, evidence & remaining research
Name authority and publication references document nomenclature where the source supplies it. They do not establish evolutionary origins or the earliest fossil occurrence.
Specimen-level evidence, morphology, ecological research, phylogenetic studies, a comprehensive bibliography and a located literary passage have not yet been compiled for this record.
Dataset citation & attribution
This exact taxon in ChecklistBank · Catalogue of Life 2026-09-11
Catalogue of Life 2026-09-11; dataset 316321; doi:10.48580/dgz5n. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . Retrieved 5 October 2026.
Stable key: col:GTWH. Classification follows source parent identifiers. English common names may vary by region.