Eastern Gray Squirrel
Sciurus (Sciurus) carolinensis Gmelin, 1788
Accepted species in Catalogue of Life’s 11 September 2026 base release. This preserves the source classification and available supporting data; it is not a completed species monograph.

A curious Eastern Gray Squirrel residing near a residential area in Orlando, Florida, US
JeffreyGammon · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Image sourceProvider-generated thumbnail requested at 800 pixels; no local editing Local WebP display rendition; resized without cropping.
Open encyclopedia reference
The eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), spelled as grey squirrel outside of the United States, is a species of tree squirrel in the genus Sciurus. It is native to eastern North America, where it is the most prodigious and ecologically essential natural forest regenerator. Widely introduced to certain places around the world, the eastern gray squirrel in Europe, in particular, is regarded as an invasive species.
In Europe, Sciurus carolinensis is included (since 2016) in the list of Invasive Alien Species of Union concern (the Union list). This implies that this species cannot be imported, bred, transported, commercialized, or intentionally released into the environment in the whole of the European Union.
Wikipedia contributors, Eastern gray squirrel; see linked history · CC BY-SA 4.0 . Plain-text lead excerpt, at most 180 words; no infobox or later sections Retrieved 2026-10-05T09:09:53.785352+00:00. This reference remains separate from the taxonomic record.
Identity & source status
- Scientific name
- Sciurus (Sciurus) carolinensis Gmelin, 1788
- Name authority
- Gmelin, 1788
- Common name
- Eastern Gray Squirrel
- Rank
- species
- Accepted status
- accepted
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Chordata
- Class
- Mammalia
- Order
- Rodentia
- Family
- Sciuridae
- Genus
- Sciurus
- Extinction status
- Recorded extant
Classification family tree
Nested taxonomic groups from the source. This is not a direct-ancestor chain, a dated evolutionary tree or a phylogenetic reconstruction.
- domainEukaryota (Chatton, 1925) Whittaker & Margulis, 1978
- kingdomAnimalia
- phylumChordata
- subphylumVertebrata
- infraphylumGnathostomata
- parvphylumOsteichthyes
- megaclassTetrapoda
- classMammalia Linnaeus, 1758
- subclassTheria Parker & Haswell, 1897
- infraclassEutheria Gill, 1872
- orderRodentia Bowdich, 1821
- suborderSciuromorpha Brandt, 1855
- familySciuridae Fischer de Waldheim, 1817
- subfamilySciurinae Fischer de Waldheim, 1817
- tribeSciurini Fischer de Waldheim, 1817
- genusSciurus Linnaeus, 1758
- subgenusSciurus Linnaeus, 1758
- speciesSciurus (Sciurus) carolinensis Gmelin, 1788
Close classified relatives
These entries share the source’s genus, Sciurus. They are not necessarily the closest relatives established by molecular evidence.
| Species | Classification | Source status |
|---|---|---|
| Allen's SquirrelSciurus (Sciurus) alleni Nelson, 1898 | SciuridaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
| Caucasian SquirrelSciurus (Tenes) anomalus Gmelin, 1778 | SciuridaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
| Yellow-throated SquirrelSciurus (Guerlinguetus) gilvigularis Wagner, 1842 | SciuridaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
| Bolivian SquirrelSciurus (Guerlinguetus) ignitus (Gray, 1867) | SciuridaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
| Eastern Fox SquirrelSciurus (Sciurus) niger Linnaeus, 1758 | SciuridaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
| Peters's SquirrelSciurus (Sciurus) oculatus Peters, 1863 | SciuridaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
| Andean SquirrelSciurus (Guerlinguetus) pucheranii (Fitzinger, 1867) | SciuridaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
| Sanborn's SquirrelSciurus (Guerlinguetus) sanborni Osgood, 1944 | SciuridaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
| Southern Amazon Red SquirrelSciurus (Urosciurus) spadiceus Olfers, 1818 | SciuridaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
| Yucatan SquirrelSciurus (Sciurus) yucatanensis J. A. Allen, 1877 | SciuridaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
| Variegated SquirrelSciurus (Sciurus) variegatoides Ogilby, 1839 | SciuridaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
| Eurasian Red SquirrelSciurus (Sciurus) vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758 | SciuridaeChordata | Accepted speciesRecorded extant |
Documented distribution
Source distribution statements, not a complete range map. A listed locality is not necessarily a place of origin.
Australia
Europe & Northern Asia (excluding China)
North America
Source literature & publication evidence
References attached to this source record, including nomenclatural citations where supplied. This is a selected bibliography; abbreviated citations remain in the source’s form.
- https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=180175 Source fields: Taxon.tsv dwc:namePublishedIn, Taxon.tsv dcterms:references
Origins, evidence & remaining research
Name authority and publication references document nomenclature where the source supplies it. They do not establish evolutionary origins or the earliest fossil occurrence.
Specimen-level evidence, morphology, ecological research, phylogenetic studies, a comprehensive bibliography and a located literary passage have not yet been compiled for this record.
Dataset citation & attribution
This exact taxon in ChecklistBank · Catalogue of Life 2026-09-11
Catalogue of Life 2026-09-11; dataset 316321; doi:10.48580/dgz5n. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . Retrieved 5 October 2026.
Stable key: col:4VNCY. Classification follows source parent identifiers. English common names may vary by region.