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Common cobra

Naja naja (Linnaeus, 1758)

Source-backed taxonomic record

Accepted species in Catalogue of Life’s 11 September 2026 base release. This preserves the source classification and available supporting data; it is not a completed species monograph.

Open encyclopedia reference

The Indian cobra (Naja naja /nadʒa nadʒa/), also known commonly as the spectacled cobra, Asian cobra, or binocellate cobra, is a species of cobra, a venomous snake in the family Elapidae. The species is native to the Indian subcontinent, and is a member of the "Big Four" species that are responsible for the most snakebite cases in Sri Lanka and India.

The Indian cobra is revered in Hindu mythology and culture, and is often seen with snake charmers. It is a protected species under the Indian Wildlife Protection Act (1972).

Wikipedia contributors, Indian cobra; see linked history · CC BY-SA 4.0 . Plain-text lead excerpt, at most 180 words; no infobox or later sections Retrieved 2026-10-05T02:55:58.179444+00:00. This reference remains separate from the taxonomic record.

Identity & source status

Scientific name
Naja naja (Linnaeus, 1758)
Name authority
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Common name
Common cobra
Rank
species
Accepted status
accepted
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Class
Reptilia
Order
Squamata
Family
Elapidae
Genus
Naja
Extinction status
Not supplied by this source

Classification family tree

Nested taxonomic groups from the source. This is not a direct-ancestor chain, a dated evolutionary tree or a phylogenetic reconstruction.

  1. domainEukaryota (Chatton, 1925) Whittaker & Margulis, 1978
  2. kingdomAnimalia
  3. phylumChordata
  4. subphylumVertebrata
  5. infraphylumGnathostomata
  6. parvphylumOsteichthyes
  7. megaclassTetrapoda
  8. classReptilia Laurenti, 1768
  9. orderSquamata Oppel, 1811
  10. suborderSerpentes Linnaeus, 1758
  11. infraorderAlethinophidia Nopcsa, 1923
  12. familyElapidae
  13. genusNaja
  14. speciesNaja naja (Linnaeus, 1758)

Close classified relatives

These entries share the source’s genus, Naja. They are not necessarily the closest relatives established by molecular evidence.

SpeciesClassificationSource status
Ringed Water CobraNaja annulata Peters, 1876ElapidaeChordataAccepted speciesExtinction status not supplied
Chinese CobraNaja atra Cantor, 1842ElapidaeChordataAccepted speciesExtinction status not supplied
Christy's Water CobraNaja christyi (Boulenger, 1904)ElapidaeChordataAccepted speciesExtinction status not supplied
Egyptian CobraNaja haje (Linnaeus, 1758)ElapidaeChordataAccepted speciesExtinction status not supplied
Mandalay CobraNaja mandalayensis Slowinski & Wüster, 2000ElapidaeChordataAccepted speciesExtinction status not supplied
Black and White CobraNaja melanoleuca Hallowell, 1857ElapidaeChordataAccepted speciesExtinction status not supplied
Many-banded SnakeNaja multifasciata (Werner, 1902)ElapidaeChordataAccepted speciesExtinction status not supplied
Black-necked Spitting CobraNaja nigricollis Reinhardt, 1843ElapidaeChordataAccepted speciesExtinction status not supplied
Nubian Spitting CobraNaja nubiae Wüster & Broadley, 2003ElapidaeChordataAccepted speciesExtinction status not supplied
African CobraNaja pallida Boulenger, 1896ElapidaeChordataAccepted speciesExtinction status not supplied
Philippine CobraNaja philippinensis Taylor, 1922ElapidaeChordataAccepted speciesExtinction status not supplied
Peters' CobraNaja samarensis Peters, 1861ElapidaeChordataAccepted speciesExtinction status not supplied

Browse 276 records assigned to Elapidae.

Names & synonyms

Names explicitly linked to this accepted taxon in the source. Synonymy can change with revision.

Recorded nameSource status
Naja fasciata Laurenti, 1768 Laurenti, 1768synonym
Naja non-naja Laurenti, 1768 Laurenti, 1768synonym
Naja maculata Laurenti, 1768 Laurenti, 1768synonym
Naja tripudians f. typica Boulenger, 1896 Boulenger, 1896synonym
Naja naja bombaya Deraniyagala, 1961 Deraniyagala, 1961synonym
Naja naja indusi Deraniyagala, 1960 Deraniyagala, 1960synonym
Naja tripudians var. caeca Boulenger, 1896 Boulenger, 1896ambiguous synonym
Coluber rufus Gmelin, 1788 Gmelin, 1788synonym
Naja brasiliensis Laurenti, 1768 Laurenti, 1768synonym
Naja lutescens Laurenti, 1768 Laurenti, 1768synonym
Naja nigra Gray, 1830 Gray, 1830ambiguous synonym
Coluber caecus Gmelin, 1788 Gmelin, 1788synonym
Naja tripudians Merrem, 1820 Merrem, 1820synonym
Naia naia var. polyocellata Deraniyagala, 1939 Deraniyagala, 1939synonym
Naja naja ceylonicus Chatman & DI Mari, 1974 Chatman & DI Mari, 1974synonym
Naja naja gangetica Deraniyagala, 1945 Deraniyagala, 1945synonym
Naja naja karachiensis Deraniyagala, 1961 Deraniyagala, 1961synonym
Naja naja lutescens Deraniyagala, 1945 Deraniyagala, 1945synonym
Naja naja madrasiensis Deraniyagala, 1945 Deraniyagala, 1945synonym
Naja naja polyocellata Mehrtens, 1987 Mehrtens, 1987synonym
Coluber naja Linnaeus, 1758 Linnaeus, 1758synonym

Documented distribution

Source distribution statements, not a complete range map. A listed locality is not necessarily a place of origin.

Pakistan, India (throughout most of the country, incl. Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, [Dino Aulakh, pers. comm.], Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Telangana), Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, E Afghanistan (?)

Source literature & publication evidence

References attached to this source record, including nomenclatural citations where supplied. This is a selected bibliography; abbreviated citations remain in the source’s form.

  1. https://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Naja&species=naja Source fields: Taxon.tsv dwc:namePublishedIn, Taxon.tsv dcterms:references

Origins, evidence & remaining research

Name authority and publication references document nomenclature where the source supplies it. They do not establish evolutionary origins or the earliest fossil occurrence.

Specimen-level evidence, morphology, ecological research, phylogenetic studies, a comprehensive bibliography and a located literary passage have not yet been compiled for this record. A suitable sourced image remains to be added.

Dataset citation & attribution

This exact taxon in ChecklistBank · Catalogue of Life 2026-09-11

Catalogue of Life 2026-09-11; dataset 316321; doi:10.48580/dgz5n. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . Retrieved 5 October 2026.

Stable key: col:45KXG. Classification follows source parent identifiers. English common names may vary by region.