Arctic flounder
Liopsetta glacialis (Pallas, 1776)
Accepted species in Catalogue of Life’s 11 September 2026 base release. This preserves the source classification and available supporting data; it is not a completed species monograph.
Liopsetta glacialis
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Open encyclopedia reference
The Arctic flounder (Liopsetta glacialis), also known as the Christmas flounder, eelback flounder and Polar plaice, is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on coastal mud bottoms in salt, brackish and fresh waters at depths of up to 90 metres (300 ft). Its native habitat is the polar waters of the northeastern Atlantic and Arctic oceans, from the White and Barents seas to the coasts of Siberia in Russia and Queen Maud Gulf in Canada, and from the Chuckchi and Bering seas to Bristol Bay in Alaska and the northern Sea of Okhotsk. It can grow up to 35 centimetres (14 in) in length.
Wikipedia contributors, Arctic flounder; see linked history · CC BY-SA 4.0 . Plain-text lead excerpt, at most 180 words; no infobox or later sections Retrieved 2026-10-05T04:53:32.872110+00:00. This reference remains separate from the taxonomic record.
Identity & source status
- Scientific name
- Liopsetta glacialis (Pallas, 1776)
- Name authority
- (Pallas, 1776)
- Common name
- Arctic flounder
- Rank
- species
- Accepted status
- accepted
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Chordata
- Class
- Teleostei
- Order
- Pleuronectiformes
- Family
- Pleuronectidae
- Genus
- Liopsetta
- Extinction status
- Not supplied by this source
Source habitat flags: Marine: yes · Freshwater: yes · Terrestrial: no. These do not form a complete habitat description.
Classification family tree
Nested taxonomic groups from the source. This is not a direct-ancestor chain, a dated evolutionary tree or a phylogenetic reconstruction.
- domainEukaryota (Chatton, 1925) Whittaker & Margulis, 1978
- kingdomAnimalia
- phylumChordata
- subphylumVertebrata
- infraphylumGnathostomata
- parvphylumOsteichthyes
- gigaclassActinopterygii
- superclassActinopteri
- classTeleostei
- orderPleuronectiformes
- suborderPleuronectoidei
- familyPleuronectidae Rafinesque, 1815
- subfamilyPleuronectinae Rafinesque, 1815
- genusLiopsetta Gill, 1864
- speciesLiopsetta glacialis (Pallas, 1776)
Close classified relatives
These entries share the source’s genus, Liopsetta. They are not necessarily the closest relatives established by molecular evidence.
| Species | Classification | Source status |
|---|---|---|
| Far Eastern smooth flounderLiopsetta pinnifasciata (Kner, 1870) | PleuronectidaeChordata | Accepted speciesExtinction status not supplied |
| smooth flounderLiopsetta putnami (Gill, 1864) | PleuronectidaeChordata | Accepted speciesExtinction status not supplied |
Names & synonyms
Names explicitly linked to this accepted taxon in the source. Synonymy can change with revision.
| Recorded name | Source status |
|---|---|
| Pleuronectes franklinii Günther, 1862 Günther, 1862 | synonym |
| Pleuronectes glacialis Pallas, 1776 Pallas, 1776 | synonym |
| Liopsetta glacialis knipowitschi Essipov, 1939 Essipov, 1939 | synonym |
| Pleuronectes glacialis caninensis Suvorov, 1929 Suvorov, 1929 | synonym |
| Pleuronectes cicatricosus Pallas, 1814 Pallas, 1814 | synonym |
| Platessa dwinensis Lilljeborg, 1851 Lilljeborg, 1851 | synonym |
Source literature & publication evidence
References attached to this source record, including nomenclatural citations where supplied. This is a selected bibliography; abbreviated citations remain in the source’s form.
- https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=275844 Source fields: Taxon.tsv dwc:namePublishedIn, Taxon.tsv dcterms:references
Origins, evidence & remaining research
Name authority and publication references document nomenclature where the source supplies it. They do not establish evolutionary origins or the earliest fossil occurrence.
Specimen-level evidence, morphology, ecological research, phylogenetic studies, a comprehensive bibliography and a located literary passage have not yet been compiled for this record.
Dataset citation & attribution
This exact taxon in ChecklistBank · Catalogue of Life 2026-09-11
Catalogue of Life 2026-09-11; dataset 316321; doi:10.48580/dgz5n. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . Retrieved 5 October 2026.
Stable key: col:3V7KB. Classification follows source parent identifiers. English common names may vary by region.