Japanese Wrinkled Frog

Open encyclopedia reference

The Japanese wrinkled frog (Glandirana rugosa) is a species of true frog native to Japan and introduced to Hawaii in the late 19th century. It has sometimes been regarded as a single species with the Imienpo Station frog (Glandirana emeljanovi) which is found on the East Asian mainland. The two species are distinguished from others by their rough and uneven skin. It lives and breeds in various freshwater environments, including ponds, streams and wetlands. The IUCN does not consider this species to be faced by any significant threats. Populations of G. rugosa are of particular scientific interest because they display both male (XX/XY) and female (ZZ/ZW) heterogamety in different parts of Japan. This coexistence of two sex-determination systems within a single species makes the frog an important model for understanding the evolution and turnover of sex chromosomes in vertebrates. Genetic and cytogenetic studies have shown that its sex chromosomes, derived from the same ancestral pair, have undergone multiple independent differentiation and "recycling" events through recombination and hybridization.

Wikipedia contributors, Japanese wrinkled frog; see linked history · CC BY-SA 4.0 . Plain-text lead excerpt, at most 180 words; no infobox or later sections Retrieved 2026-10-05T10:10:12.533056+00:00. This reference remains separate from the taxonomic record.

Identity & source status

Scientific name

Glandirana rugosa (Temminck & Schlegel, 1838)

Name authority

(Temminck & Schlegel, 1838)

Common name

Japanese Wrinkled Frog

Rank

species

Accepted status

accepted

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Chordata

Class

Amphibia

Order

Anura

Family

Ranidae

Genus

Glandirana

Extinction status

Recorded extant

Classification family tree

Nested taxonomic groups from the source. This is not a direct-ancestor chain, a dated evolutionary tree or a phylogenetic reconstruction.

1. domainEukaryota (Chatton, 1925) Whittaker & Margulis, 1978
2. kingdomAnimalia
3. phylumChordata
4. subphylumVertebrata
5. infraphylumGnathostomata
6. parvphylumOsteichthyes
7. megaclassTetrapoda
8. classAmphibia
9. orderAnura
10. familyRanidae Batsch, 1796
11. genusGlandirana Fei, Ye & Huang, 1990
12. speciesGlandirana rugosa (Temminck & Schlegel, 1838)

Close classified relatives

These entries share the source’s genus, Glandirana. They are not necessarily the closest relatives established by molecular evidence.

Browse 320 records assigned to Ranidae.

Names & synonyms

Names explicitly linked to this accepted taxon in the source. Synonymy can change with revision.

Documented distribution

Source distribution statements, not a complete range map. A listed locality is not necessarily a place of origin.

Source literature & publication evidence

References attached to this source record, including nomenclatural citations where supplied. This is a selected bibliography; abbreviated citations remain in the source’s form.

1. https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=774987 Source fields: Taxon.tsv dwc:namePublishedIn, Taxon.tsv dcterms:references

Origins, evidence & remaining research

Name authority and publication references document nomenclature where the source supplies it. They do not establish evolutionary origins or the earliest fossil occurrence.

Specimen-level evidence, morphology, ecological research, phylogenetic studies, a comprehensive bibliography and a located literary passage have not yet been compiled for this record. A suitable sourced image remains to be added.

Dataset citation & attribution

This exact taxon in ChecklistBank · Catalogue of Life 2026-09-11

Catalogue of Life 2026-09-11; dataset 316321; doi:10.48580/dgz5n. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . Retrieved 5 October 2026.

Stable key: col:3G58B. Classification follows source parent identifiers. English common names may vary by region.