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Overview
Yal Bawa is glossed as Daughter of an Enslaved Person and identified as a Zanfara spirit. The notice attributes sore eyes and smallpox to her, within the historical group called Little Spots. It supplies no named human parent or origin episode, so the translated kinship title is not expanded into a biography or a claim that real enslaved people were supernatural.
The performance moves around the ring, then sits and claps until onions are given. The mount rubs them on the face and calls them scent. Tremearne was told that her song is the same as Nana Ayesha Karama’s; a shared song is therefore recorded without silently merging the two figures. The onion-as-scent action is the source’s distinctive detail and remains separate from the medical effects attributed to the spirit.
Origins & earliest records
A. J. N. Tremearne combines interviews and descriptions of bori performances with comparative interpretation. These selected notices do not consistently name individual speakers; printed attributes are distinguished from his conjectures.
Records & interpretation
Complete selected notice in chapter XXVII, printed pp. 379; complete chapter read.
Selected bibliography
Documented works and useful reading. This is not a list of every appearance.
- 01
The Ban of the Bori: Demons and Demon-Dancing in West and North Africa
Chapter XXVII, printed pp. 379; complete spirit notice and ritual representation.
Family & connections
A source-supported family tree or inspiration record has not yet been compiled for this profile. Related reading below indicates a connection in subject matter, not a proven lineage or creative influence.
References
Sources supporting this profile. Linked pages have their own scope and editorial standards.
- Digitized historical ethnographic accountTremearne — Yal BawaResearch access: 2026-10-05
Image credits
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